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Seed Fertilizer Salt Reviews

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Estimates of salinity level produced by broadcast incorporated and band-applied fertilizer (EB) …

Seed germination as influenced by pre-soaking in slurries and subsequent contact with fertilizer salts …

GLOBAL FOOD REQUIREMENT BY 2050

Global FOOD REQUIREMENT BY 2050

By Prof. Ghulam Mohyudddin WANI

Least requirements.

A population of 9 billion at the rate of 300-400 grams of dry cereals, 210 grams of milk / egg man on alternate days and 9-10 gram meat or equivalent caloric value of cheese, butter or other animal fats will need different commodities. Roughly a mother for sustenance of the world we may need 3 billion kg of cereals, milk 2 Billion liters and other animal and vegetable fats and oils around one billion 0.5 kgs per day.

The production levels of the world of cereals if esteemed at 5 ton / ha was rotated or combination of different crops in the world as per ecological potentialities 0.25 will need around one billion hectares of land to produce it and this must be an irrigated land.

The planet earth has only 1-2% cultivable land. Inspite of 1960 famine and food shortage presictions, world witness a green revolution and food security has platu around 1980.The Indian food revolution was one of the significant step forward. It is predicted that again we face similar problems by 2050, let us assure the world the situation will reverse, Low water adjusted cereal crops, technology driven and improved seed crops can bring us another revolution.Let have confidence on our cretor the GOD, he has give all the human brain faculties to tide the waves of depression.The solution lied narrowing the gaps in yields between the peaks and the low yields yields.The the encouragement of locally adapted germplasm will chage the water deficient syndrome and the green gray areas of the deserts, The use of saline water for the cultivation of the sea and deserts belts may help to produce more than can be right consumed.The peace of mind and traqulity is what is needed and not the present atmosphere of despair and uncertainty, World today needs peace more than any time in the past.The so called cultural war is making and converting deserts into fertile lands denuded dune due to excessive use of UAVs, land mines, gunfire, burnt properties and pollution from coast to ivrory Asian pennensula,

Its country wise situation of food shall be discussed later. The available land may have to be kept in a perfect state of fertility.

To feed 9 billion population in 2050 is not difficult if following points are kept in mind.

1.The soil fertility maps of the entire land under cereals need to be prepared and fortification with organic or limited therapeutic doses of the chemical fertilizers be used to Achieve a production of 5-6 tons / hec.The use of organic manures as shown in Table 1 can substitute inorganic chemical fertilizers if not replace them.

2. The seed replacement rate of 50-100% needs to be targeted as per the potential genetic improvement and breeding values estimates so as to Achieve a growth rate of higher productivity. The cereal growth rates should be targeted at double the population growth rate. This is necessary as all the cereals have to be used in a finished product basis by the individuals and given the harvesting, post harvesting and storage losses the estimates should be targeted at higher rate. Even this may Compensate any climatic upheavals like drought, floods Gold winds.

3. A convergence of new technologies at global level needs to be evolved, where the research level technologies are disseminated around the world on daily basis through newspapers and TV channels. The present 5-6 year post Agricultural Research magazine and journals should be replaced with daily technological implementation results of different skills and methods researched in the world. Thus a global communication network and information specific to agriculture and farming has to be evolve.

4. A new farm CENTRIC CUM DEMONSTRATION NEWS channels have to be opened. All the agricultural institutes and universities have to deliver the information's round the clock news channels like the routine reporting the war and game news. This will need a schedule for training human resources on a wider scale than the routine agricultural or rural management institutes and schemes. This will need funds too but it can be easily recovered through agric industrial product advertisement and sale recoveries.

NATURAL WASTE AS FERTILIZER

Table 1 Organic fertilizer safe for global food

Waste material constituents in%

PHOSRORUS nitrogen MICRONUTRIENT

1. Mud waste 1-4 0.8 65

Farm Yard Manure 1-3 1-2 40

Recoiled cakes 1-4 1-2 45

Municipality waste 1-3 1-2 45

1. Green manure 1-5 0.5 na

Materials available in all locations for example in Kashmir, the locally available rice crop stub, green garden waste, fallen tree leaves, apple dropping, bird droppings, orchard waste, dalweeds, forest waste, apple Pomas, hulls and sewage waste could be used as chemical fertilizer substitutes.

Pesticide use in India for agricultural purposes as per estimates calculated a decade earlier were amounting to 3500 cores, a substantial amount of harmful non-degradable chemicals used for house hold against termites, rats and insects were of a value of 1000 crores.Thus the chemical use has to be reduced and subsequently abandoned like plastics and DDT over a period of a decade.

What is needed a new industrial set up to use the above mentioned materials for the manufacturing of the organic fertilizers. It will help in two ways, firstly reduction in chemical use and harmful emissions, secondly cleaning of the environment by use of dirt and unhygienic materials polluting the water and soil on one hand, and affecting the health oh soil, water, plant, animal. human kind on the other.

The new emerging disease And those already known or unknown are the result of the accumulation of these materials in the drains and making human dwellings have slums around especially in thickly populated and metropolis of Mumbai, Delhi and other such cities round the corners of the world.

THOUGHT FOR ACTION

We need food for the sustenance of 9 billion humans and approximately equal number of domesticated livestock. The land is limited and resources already in use more than the norms fixed and required for the environment protection and climate change mitigation. The less forest cover, the higher population pressure in the world demands more planting of the trees for the CO2 usage.Here too the local plant species need to be tried like khejri in Rajisthan, India Deserts have documented in detail in some of the free web papers by this author.

Multistorey TEVHNOLOGY VERTICAL FARMING

No horizontal expansion of land for Agiculture is possible.Thus the embargo of feeding Increasing populace becomes more challenging. Daring and innovative steps are needed to meet the challanges.Under Abandoning such a scenario the chemical fertilizers in toto seems a far reaching than echo cry. We need a balance between chemical use as per need and not only use the blanket. New ways of removing the biologically harmful ingredients from chemical fertilizers may be an option and an open challenge to our chemical scientist for innovations or alternate formulations that make farm use chemical harmless.

Hazzardous beneficiary

We can not forget the fact that DDT was harmful and now banned chemical 2-8 saved one million Malaysian alone due to deaths from malaria in 1948-63.Its use lowered the death toll of 2-8 million from 1948 to only 17 in 1963.No doubt it is a poisonous substance but its use was unavoidable then to save sick humans. Even Hitler's holocaust and wars did not kill more humans than the malaria before the DDT use. Thus to that extent it has served its purpose. What is needed to investigate and change its harmful formulation for future good or plan for an alternative Which is safe?

BIO FUEL MENC.

Earlier we have hinted at bio fuel and thin for some boon for few. May be I put it for the haves boon and curse for the have-nots.

What is bio fuel? It is fuel obtained from sources other than the fossil fuel or petrochemicals. The sugar prices are raising and a new slim of converting sugar cane into ethinol.The distilleries in and around Bihar, India, where most of the people live bellow poverty line are increasing. A rough estimate of the last decade has shown that an investment of 15.000 crops has been invested in these distilleries for the production of ethanol.Surprisngly The use of sugarcane for sugar Which is in traditional use has investment of 45.000 crores only.

If these trends of Sugarcane conversions go unabated the whole population of the Bihar has declared to be sugar free (Medically state has DM). Similar situation of opium cultivation in the world needs Corrective measures and imaginative now or never.

FARM PRODUCE PRICES

One can not ignore The farmers need to have more returns for their produce. As such in a world where mines and gunfire makes more money and ways and means are invented to keep the world on fire for Commercializing the warfare products.

We can not morally restrict the farmers to have more money out of these diversions. We need a world order to curb the lust of Which money corrupts the power balance and induces such ways and means Which lead to world destruction than production of food and life saving essentials.

A world of 9 billion most of them will have little less than a dollar to spend per day shall force a new change if we do not adjust these concerns now.

BIOFUEL FROM WASTE MATERIALS

Bio fuel is essential and research is not trivial but we need to use it for the good of the human and the living kind.I have used living kind than mankind Because we also have to care for the preservation of wild and other living vreatures like ants, mites, etc. in our food chain too, If corn or sugarcane is replaced by woody shrubs, jatropha, forest weeds, fallen apple, apricot and variety of other vegetables perssable and waste products in each area of this earth. Thus the technology is appreciable but its use for the conversion of food into Bio fuel may harm the food security of this global village.

COMMERCIAL EUPHORIA

Here may I repeat that each one of us in all countries use the Deterent, explosive and obviously mesiel technology to attack or defend. Many of us have made it a business. When in business you try to increase the clientale.For warfare use the cliental will increase and sale will be competitive when there are conflicts. Thus theoretically one can believe that the present euphoria of war mongers creating world conflicts is created for Name. gains as many allege. If so then evil is near us and we search it every where. This all needs a focus and strategy.

Land costs and its investment

If the farmer has his land as livelihood resource and he uses it for having more returns, enen if it is a contraband we condemn it and Prosecute Those involved in cultivation and drug trafficking trade.Atleast on the whole world is unanimous. Why should we not be unanimous in curbing the manufacture and use of the warfare materials? If such a resolution comes even from Iran we must say yes to end nuclear hegemony in the world.

HEDGEMONISM HAS TO Forego

Why was equal in opportunity and Moralistic world we allow SOME to proliferate and propagate the deadly nuclear ARSENICALS but we ask another global partner to manufacture not a deterrent to deter war. The WORLD NEEDS WHERE AN Justice provides all should be equal partners and if someone manipulate the threads of world peace and order all should humble him down.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM WEST TO EAST

In the field of agriculture many technologies invented and used in developing world are kept under lid.AS USUAL when these technologies become obsolete they are sold. May I call it warn out sale of technology. What the world needs is the sale of frontline technology not the stale one.

COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION

The new era of communication and informatics would play wonders in making a scientific overall invention. An idea of worth could be tested in one corner of the world simultaneously and revalidated in another part. Scientists and scientific inventions were scared as they benefit all. The current ban the selling of knowledge has made it difficult for scientists in this world to replicate or verify the innovations as they are tagged under Property Rights Act. We as scientists have become too conservation and covert. We used to even communicate verbal discussions on reference and one object used to refer to his narrative. Under the copy right Act, we too have sold the Knowledge and Become busssinessman.How sad we are charging the viewships of our publications too. A true scientist believes in assessment and verification of his work under varied geo-climatic conditions to prove its universal truth. The embargo Copy rights of some chorus you to reuse your own published tables and figures. This in my opinion has to change. We have chosen a path of vain and media (Indian words for knowledge and wisdom) we can not sell like commodity. We have to Maintain our morals to allow anyone to climb on and over our shoulders. The steps we construct are the baseline for others to climb ahead of us. We feel use some pride if the step we made and invented more useful facility for the diagnosis or welfare of the humanity's such WE MUST RESOLVE TO MAKE ALL SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION, reviews and visions free to be used by any one.

GLOBAL HUNGER

• 1.02 About one billion people at present in this sworld do not have enough to eat. These numbers are more than the population of USA, CANADA year U.S. TOGETHER. Now may I repeat my request to avoid making warfare and strive for the production of food?
• . Some of my Western friends may say why should we worry about the rest of the world. My previous papers have clearly shown that these developing countries were better off in food production before they were colonized … Even today the agricultural production is no where but yet weaponery economic and other mechanization of the merchandice makes a title in Favor of the west not east.In true sense the progress or the money power is what comes from the sale of goods from the third world. bussiness can not flourish with out buyers. The seller is a buyer partnership.During economic good days seller has made good profits he has to accommodate and Compensate for the world upliftment.
• The number of undernourished people in the world increased by 75 million in 2007 and 40 million in 2008, Largely due to higher food prices;
       yet we talk of human rights in the world. If some individual is jailed in a developing or under developed nation, we cry Hoarse, we condemn it and all the western news papers even cry and shout. But when hundreds and millions die of hunger due to war like situation created by us or our agents form we do not point it. If we are a global family then cost, creed, colour.religion and the geographic location should not matter, we are human, we have rights to live and feed ourselves. Yes we are ready to work. As a world society we created present climate threatening mistakes we have to make good the losses.Veitnam, jews, Iraqi, Afgan, and many others suffered. We distorted agricultural infrastructure, irrigation and universities syatems.The common men and women on the street who suffer do not even understand what is happening and why they are terrorized. The horror and terror both are human right violations. The cultivation of option and intoxicating young generation is an injustice. All injustices and disturbance The effect cuture.The Agriculture is the first causality.
• PEACE FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
• Therefore Peace in the world is important to bring food to the needy. If those in need resort to hooligans or someone else kills a food aid convoy. They are enemies of the humanity not friends. Let us bring the misguided on either side back to peace.Iraq, Afganistan, Vietnam and even place like Kashmir has more mines than the trees. Environment and climate are the causality of the warfare. Pollution and gunfire are the associates. Then where are we leading the world. The extracts from the FAO whoes BUGET PROMISED IS NOT FORTHCOMING. Their share go to war prepration.We have and need a change. A universal code of conduct should be resolved by the UNO for agriculture budgeting adequately.
• HUNGER STATUS
• 907 million people in developing countries alone are hungry;
  (Asia and the Pacific region is home to over half the world's population and nearly two thirds of the world's hungry people.
• More than 60 percent of chronically hungry people are women;
• 65 percent of the world's hungry live in only seven countries: India, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Ethiopia.

CHILD HUNGER

• Every six seconds a child dies of hunger Because;
• More than 70 percent of the world's 146 million underweight children under age five years live in just 10 countries, with more than 50 Per cent located in South Asia alone.
• 10.9 million Children under five die in developing countries each year. Malnutrition and hunger-related diseases cause 60 percent of the deaths, UNICEF, 2007.
• The cost of under nutrition to national economic development is estimated at U.S. $ 20-30 billion per annum;
• One out of four children – roughly 146 million – in developing countries is underweight;
  Every year WFP feeds more than 20 million children in school feeding programs in some 70 countries. In 2008, WFP fed a record 23 million children.
  (Source: WFP School Feeding Unit)

MALNUTRITION

• It is estimated that 684.000 child deaths worldwide could be prevented by increasing access to vitamin A and zinc

• Under nutrition Contributes to 53 percent of the 9.7 million deaths of children under five each year in developing countries. This means that One child dies every six seconds from malnutrition and related causes.
• Lack of Vitamin A kills a million infants a year)
• Iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of malnutrition worldwide, affecting an estimated 2 Billion people.6 Eradicating Iron Deficiency Can Improve national productivity levels by as much as 20 percent.
• Iron deficiency is impairing the mental development of 40-60 percent children in developing countries
• Vitamin A deficiency affects approximately 25 percent of the developing world's pre-schoolers. It is associated with blindness, susceptibility to disease and higher mortality rates. It leads to the death of approximately one million children 1-3 each year
• Iodine deficiency is the greatest single cause of mental retardation and brain damage. Worldwide, 1.9 billion people are at risk of iodine efficiency, Which can easily be prevented by adding iodine to salt
• WFP-supported deforming reached 10 million children in 2007

FOOD & HIV / AIDS

• In the country's most heavily affected, HIV has reduced life expectancy by more than 20 years, slowed economic growth, and deepened household poverty.
• In Sub-Saharan Africa alone, the epidemic has orphaned nearly 12 million children aged less than 18 years.
• WFP and UNAIDS project that it will cost on average U.S. $ 0.70 cents per day to nutritionally support an AIDS patient and his / her family.
• Assistance for orphans and vulnerable children is estimated at U.S. $ 0.31 per day.
• NOTE TO BE CONTINUED – NEW SECTIONS ARE ON food aid, fish resources, livestock and dry land situation in agriculture.

Identify the dependent and independent variables. Suggest possible controlled variables.?